After a wary official policy towards United Nations Peacekeeping missions throughout much of the cold war, China since the 1990s has developed a greater enthusiasm for participating in peacekeeping missions, including in the case of civil conflicts. Among the changes to Beijing’s peacekeeping thinking has been the deployment of both civilian and military personnel to select missions. UN peacekeeping has since become embedded not only in China’s growing cross-regional diplomacy, but also in its security policies involving “military operations other than war,” including humanitarian intervention. Currently, Chinese peacekeeping personnel are being deployed to the regions where peace is tenuous. Thus, peacekeepers have found themselves under threat by local combatants, and China is now seeking to balance its growing interests in becoming a responsible great power in international security affairs, and developing a greater understanding of the civil conflicts which the UN is being called upon to address.