As global warming is profoundly shaping Arctic geopolitics, the content of China-Arctic relationship also becomes richer. A single geographical relationship has been extended and deepened to a more complex righteousness-benefit one, and China starts to take on such identities as Non-Arctic state, Non-Arctic Coastal state, Near-Arctic state, and Arctic “stakeholder.” The dynamic relationship and multiple identities are represented and projected to varying degrees in several domestic and international world map projections, such as transverse world map, North Pole-centered projection, and the projection by “Series of World Maps” (south/north hemisphere editions). In light of these developments, discourse reconstruction through maps shall be one important path for China to take part in Arctic affairs. To pick proper map projections for a comprehensive analysis and application will be conducive to expressions of China-Arctic relationship, promote the reconstruction of relationship and identity via “map discourse,” enhance domestic and international understanding and recognition of China’s beneficial “Arctic identity,” and give an impetus to China’s creative engagement in Arctic affairs.