Russian populism refers to both the radical socialist movement in the 19^th century in Russia and the contemporary political phenomenon. This phenomenon is a manifestation of public opinions as well as a political instrument for the ruling regime or dissents. Russian populism is a reaction to dislocations caused by modernization. It is characterized by upholding the people’s position, attributing “losses” to capitalism, differentiating “self” and “other”, and relying on the people to realize political goals. The road of Russia’s modernization is full of vacillation and contradictions. On the one hand, it encourages the pursuit of justice; on the other hand, the national uniqueness and interests are shocked. The irrationality of religion and Russia culture is conducive to populist expressions. Furthermore, the change of Russian social structure, closer interaction between Russian intellectuals and people, and the enormous impact of liberalism have generated new features for contemporary Russian populism. The major subject of populism has shifted from the intellectuals to the middle class, interest politics has acquired more importance, and moral and idealistic politics has been downplayed.