The relationship between state sovereignty and human rights is one of the most important debates in the international community, andthe concept of “theResponsibility to Protect”(R2P) has pushed the debate further to a new stage. As a major power, Russia has participated in the discussion of this concept. Generally speaking, Russia takes a positive attitude toward the concept of R2P and recognizes its significance in human rights protection, emphasizes the importance of authorization from the United Nations Security Council, and opposesintervening in the internal affairs of other countries by abusing R2P. Nevertheless, Russia would still take military actions and intervene if its national interests demand so doing. Russia's different positions on the Libyan and Syrian cases have revealed its pragmatism on the concept of R2P.