Syria’s authoritarian political system，under the guise of a republican system，has roots in its unique and complex social structure and political situation. Under the arrangements of the former Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad，who was in charge of the Ba’th Party, the government, as well as the army, his second son Bashar al-Asad’s takeover of the presidency was not only smooth, but also successfully maintained the basic stability of the Syrian political situation. Nevertheless, due to the emergence of the abuses in the current political system, and hidden troubles such as underlying conflicts and struggles for power, and along with threats and pressures from abroad, Bashar’s presidency is facing serious challenges.