One of the important theoretical contributions of new institutionalism within political studies is an emphasis on how social groups’ historical culture and traditions affect members’ logical standards and how they identify interests. Thus, as an institutional factor, culture was able to enter the realm of political studies. This essay uses this new institutionalist perspective to study the relationship between Chinese society and state in a way different to traditional liberalism. This essay emphasizes the homogeneity of Chinese society, and proposes the possibility of understanding state and society holistically. In the era of globalization, fully understanding how historical and cultural traditions impact each country’s political, economic and social institutions will be of great significance to non-Western countries in the future.